The Stanford experiment It was a psychological experiment which had been organized by Philip Zimbardo to investigate human behavior. After they had assigned civilians, they put them in two groups: the prisoners and the guards. Afterwards the prisoners were put into cells in which they had to live under inhuman conditions. They only had a telephone to communicate with guards. The experiment was stopped after six days due to unbelievable behavior of the guards including torture. They had enforced their rules so much that some of the prisoners were having psychological damage. Many prisoners didn´t defy against the officers.
This experiment points out the fact that immoral acts such as murder order torture can be committed by nearly all human beings under specific circumstances. The scientist Stanley Milgram carried out the experiment for the first time 1961 in New Haven. The main reason was to find an explanation for the cruel incidents during World War II, and if it would be possible to make people do it again. The results were shocking: Out of a total of 40 test persons, more than half would have killed a potential student, who had to remember a certain sequence of words, by using more than 450 Volt for giving an electrical shock. None of the 40 people would apply less than 300 Volt. In order create the pressure necessary to make people act in a way they normally wouldn’t, specific external factors are required. Once you take the responsibility off the test person, they no longer believe that they can be punished for their behaviour, and act as an instrument for a higher, non-human force, the so-called meta-level. Cognitive dissonance is the mean by which it becomes possible to adapt one’s attitude in order to justify the immoral behavioural actions, according to Milgram. Even though the experiment had been repeated all over the world, it always led to the same results: Most people would listen to the instructions of authorities, even though they knew what they were to about to do was wrong, and could even kill strangers for reasons as banal as memorizing words.
Pavlov was a Russian behaviorist his biggest discovery was revealed by accident and later he devoted his life to research more specifically. The main content of his research was, that he wanted to prove, that dogs only start salivating if food is placed in front of them. While the dogs were fed, he rang a bell. One day he rang the bell without giving food to the dogs. To his surprise the dogs started to salivate too when they only heard the footsteps or the bell. That’s how he discovered, what we now call conditioning.
Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment was conducted 1971 headed by Professor Philip Zimbardo. The psychological experiment was supposed to examine the behaviour of prisoners and responsible officers. The project started with the random assignment of volunteers, either being selected for prisoners or prison officers. The supervisor of the prison was also the head of the experiment. To create a realistic environment, actual police men arrested the volunteers publicly. After, the participants were arrested, they were brought to cells which did barely allow any light to pass through. Within the whole experiment, there was no personal contact between prisoners and officers. The experiment was abandoned ahead of schedule as a participant had been killed. The volunteers assigned as prison officers had overstepped their powers which resulted in some prisoners experiencing physical torture. Parts of the results were questionable due to the unscientific methodology and possible fraud. Nicole, Nicolas, Vanessa
The purpose of this experiment was to clarify the language of the mankind without any influence of the surrounding.
Friedrich II. von Hohenstaufen (1194-1250) made such an experiment in which he ordered to take away newborn children from their mothers and hand them over to nurses. The unfamiliar people had to take care of the babies and had to comply with some rules.
On the one hand they could fulfil the basic needs like food. But on the other hand, they weren’t allowed to communicate and interact with them.
The result of the experiment should show the development of the baby’s language. Unfortunately, the experiment took a dramatic ending and failed. The babies died because of the social distance and without caress.
The Stanford experiment
ReplyDeleteIt was a psychological experiment which had been organized by Philip Zimbardo to investigate human behavior.
After they had assigned civilians, they put them in two groups: the prisoners and the guards. Afterwards the prisoners were put into cells in which they had to live under inhuman conditions. They only had a telephone to communicate with guards. The experiment was stopped after six days due to unbelievable behavior of the guards including torture. They had enforced their rules so much that some of the prisoners were having psychological damage. Many prisoners didn´t defy against the officers.
The Milgram Experiment
ReplyDeleteThis experiment points out the fact that immoral acts such as murder order torture can be committed by nearly all human beings under specific circumstances. The scientist Stanley Milgram carried out the experiment for the first time 1961 in New Haven. The main reason was to find an explanation for the cruel incidents during World War II, and if it would be possible to make people do it again. The results were shocking:
Out of a total of 40 test persons, more than half would have killed a potential student, who had to remember a certain sequence of words, by using more than 450 Volt for giving an electrical shock. None of the 40 people would apply less than 300 Volt.
In order create the pressure necessary to make people act in a way they normally wouldn’t, specific external factors are required. Once you take the responsibility off the test person, they no longer believe that they can be punished for their behaviour, and act as an instrument for a higher, non-human force, the so-called meta-level. Cognitive dissonance is the mean by which it becomes possible to adapt one’s attitude in order to justify the immoral behavioural actions, according to Milgram.
Even though the experiment had been repeated all over the world, it always led to the same results: Most people would listen to the instructions of authorities, even though they knew what they were to about to do was wrong, and could even kill strangers for reasons as banal as memorizing words.
Pavlov was a Russian behaviorist his biggest discovery was revealed by accident and later he devoted his life to research more specifically. The main content of his research was, that he wanted to prove, that dogs only start salivating if food is placed in front of them. While the dogs were fed, he rang a bell. One day he rang the bell without giving food to the dogs. To his surprise the dogs started to salivate too when they only heard the footsteps or the bell. That’s how he discovered, what we now call conditioning.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteStanford Prison Experiment
The Stanford Prison Experiment was conducted 1971 headed by Professor Philip Zimbardo. The psychological experiment was supposed to examine the behaviour of prisoners and responsible officers. The project started with the random assignment of volunteers, either being selected for prisoners or prison officers. The supervisor of the prison was also the head of the experiment.
To create a realistic environment, actual police men arrested the volunteers publicly. After, the participants were arrested, they were brought to cells which did barely allow any light to pass through. Within the whole experiment, there was no personal contact between prisoners and officers.
The experiment was abandoned ahead of schedule as a participant had been killed. The volunteers assigned as prison officers had overstepped their powers which resulted in some prisoners experiencing physical torture. Parts of the results were questionable due to the unscientific methodology and possible fraud.
Nicole, Nicolas, Vanessa
The orphan experiment
ReplyDeleteThe purpose of this experiment was to clarify the language of the mankind without any influence of the surrounding.
Friedrich II. von Hohenstaufen (1194-1250) made such an experiment in which he ordered to take away newborn children from their mothers and hand them over to nurses. The unfamiliar people had to take care of the babies and had to comply with some rules.
On the one hand they could fulfil the basic needs like food. But on the other hand, they weren’t allowed to communicate and interact with them.
The result of the experiment should show the development of the baby’s language. Unfortunately, the experiment took a dramatic ending and failed. The babies died because of the social distance and without caress.
Christina, Patrick, Aylin